Category: Afterlife

From the Encyclopedia Judaica 13:82 Paradise and Hell, the place of reward for the righteous and punishment for the wicked after death, are traditionally referred to as the Garden and Gehinnom respectively. In the Bible these two names never refer to the abode of souls after death; nevertheless, the idea of a fiery torment for the wicked may have been by Isaiah 66:24. The earliest possible allusion to Gehinnom in the new sense as found in the Apocrypha in which the general phrase “assured valley” is used to describe the place where the wicked will be judged and punished (I En. 27:1ff.)The name Gehenna (Gehinnom) first appears in the New Testament (Matt. 5:22-29ff) as does “Paradise”. the abode of the blessed (e.g. Luke 23:43). The word pardis (“park” “orchard”) occurs in biblical the Talmudic sources, but rarely if ever in the sense of “heavenly abode”. The oldest Jewish source to mention Garden of Gehinnom is probably a statement of Johanan b. Zakka at the end of the first century C.E.. “There are two ways before me, one leading to Paradise and the other to Gehinnom” (Ber. 28b).Jewish teaching about a future life was never systematized, and the varied statement in rabbinic literature cannot be combined into a consistent whole. “days of the Messiahמָשִׁיחַmâshîyach, maw-shee’-akh anointed or anointing; usually a consecrated person (as a king, priest, or saint); specifically, the Messiah:—anointed, Messiah. For more info click here” and “World to come” are sometimes sharply distinguished, sometimes virtually identified. Some passages indicate that righteous and wicked will enter Eden and Gehinnom only after the resurrection and last judgement; in others, the departed take their assigned places immediately after death other descriptions of future bliss and punishment make no mention of locale.  

From the Encyclopaedia Judaica 2:165 Designation in the New Testament (Luke 16:22-31) of the abode of the blessed souls of pious and poor in the other world (compare IV Macc. 13:17 ; Matt. 8:11, where all three patriarchs Abrahamאַבְרָהָם/ˈeɪbrəhæm, -həm/; ‎‎, Modern: ʾAvraham, As recounted in the Torah, his name was originally Avram which means “High Father” – “av” (אב) “father”, “ram” (רם) “high” – with the “ha” (ה) added in mark of his covenant with God. For more info click here, Isaacיִצְחָק(Yīṣḥāq) meaning “he will laugh”, reflecting the laughter, in disbelief, of Abraham and Sarah, when told by God that they would have a child., and Jacobיַעֲקֹב(/ˈdʒeɪkəb/; Modern: Yaʿaqōv (help·info), Tiberian: Yaʿăqōḇ; Arabic: يَعْقُوب, romanized: Yaʿqūb; Greek: Ἰακώβ, romanized: Iakṓb) the name Yaʿaqōv יעקב is derived from ʿaqev עָקֵב “heel”, as Jacob (later called Israel) was born grasping the heel of his twin brother Esau. for more info click here are enumerated as those in whose company the pious souls stay). The Hebrew expression be-heiko shel Avraham (“in Abraham’s Bosom”) is mention in aggadic literature (e.g., PR. 43:180b) (Gittin 57b:14) dealing with martydom of Miriam (Hannah) and her seven sons. She urges her youngest child to die for the sanctification of God’s name, saying : “O my son, do you wish that all your brothers sit in Abraham’s bosom, except you?” Abraham’s bosom is mentioned also in the Midrash haGadol to Genesis (ed. Margulies (19447), 206) and in the Talmud (Kid. 72b) where it probably refers to the covenant of Abrahamאַבְרָהָם/ˈeɪbrəhæm, -həm/; ‎‎, Modern: ʾAvraham, As recounted in the Torah, his name was originally Avram which means “High Father” – “av” (אב) “father”, “ram” (רם) “high” – with the “ha” (ה) added in mark of his covenant with God. For more info click here (see also Pd RK(1868) , 25b S. Buber’s emendation). In Christian mythology, Abraham’s bosom stands for the abode in the netherworld of the unbaptized children and for purgatory, from where, after punishment, Abrahamאַבְרָהָם/ˈeɪbrəhæm, -həm/; ‎‎, Modern: ʾAvraham, As recounted in the Torah, his name was originally Avram which means “High Father” – “av” (אב) “father”, “ram” (רם) “high” – with the “ha” (ה) added in mark of his covenant with God. For more info click here conducts the purified souls into paradise. This notion is hinted at in the talmudic passage (Er. 19a) which describes Abrahamאַבְרָהָם/ˈeɪbrəhæm, -həm/; ‎‎, Modern: ʾAvraham, As recounted in the Torah, his name was originally Avram which means “High Father” – “av” (אב) “father”, “ram” (רם) “high” – with the “ha” (ה) added in mark of his covenant with God. For more info click here as shielding from punishment in hell all those who have not effaced the sign of circumcision (compare also, Gen. R 48:8). Whether Abraham’s bosom is the abode of bliss, or, on the contrary, a place in Gehenna, it expresses the popular Jewish belief about Abrahamאַבְרָהָם/ˈeɪbrəhæm, -həm/; ‎‎, Modern: ʾAvraham, As recounted in the Torah, his name was originally Avram which means “High Father” – “av” (אב) “father”, “ram” (רם) “high” – with the “ha” (ה) added in mark of his covenant with God. For more info click here as the warden in paradise and the protector of the meritorious souls in the other world.

From the Encyclopedia Judaica 12:996 Apart from the Isaiah 14:14-19 and Ezekiel 38:18 ff passages, the numerous biblical references to the netherworld are vague and inspired by Ancient Near Easter folklore. Several names are given to the abode of the dead, most common being Sheol</em> always feminine and without the definite article – a sign of proper nouns. The term does not occur in Semite languages, except as a loan word from the Hebrew <strong>Sheol</strong>שְׁאוֹל‎<br />Transliteration: šᵊ’ôl Pronunciation: sheh-ole’ underworld, grave, hell, pit For more info <a href=”https://www.blueletterbible.org/lexicon/h7585/nkjv/wlc/0-1/” target=”_blank” rel=”noopener”><strong>click here</strong></a><em>, </em>and it’s <strong>etymology</strong> The history of a linguistic form (as a word) shown by tracing it’s development since it’s earliest recorded occurrence in a language where it is found, by tracing it’s transmission from one langue to another, by identifying it cognates to a common ancestral form in an ancestral language. is obscure. Other common designations of the <strong>netherworld</strong> are <em>erez</em> “earth” or “underworld” (e.g. <a href=”https://mystudybible.us/1st-samuel-chapter-28#28:13″>I Sam. 28:13</a> ; <a href=”https://mystudybible.us/jonah-chapter-2/#2:7″ target=”_blank” rel=”noopener”>Jonah 2:7</a> ; <a href=”https://mystudybible.us/job-chapter-10/#10:21″ target=”_blank” rel=”noopener”>Job 10:21-22</a>) ; <em>qever, “</em>grave” (Ps. 88:12) ; <em>afar</em>, “dust” (<a href=”https://mystudybible.us/isaiah-chapter-26/#26:5″ target=”_blank” rel=”noopener”>Isa. 26:5</a>-19; cf <a href=”https://mystudybible.us/genesis-chapter-3/#3:19″ target=”_blank” rel=”noopener”>Gen. 3:19</a>) ; <em>borr</em> “pit” (e.g. <a href=”https://mystudybible.us/isaiah-chapter-14/#14:15″ target=”_blank” rel=”noopener”>Isa 14:15</a> ; <a href=”https://mystudybible.us/isaiah-chapter-14/#14:18″ target=”_blank” rel=”noopener”>38:18</a> ; Prov. 28:22) ; <em>shahat</em> , “pit” (Ps. 7:16) ; <em>avaddon “Abaddon” (e.g. Job 28:22) ; dumah (apparently= “the place of abbiding” ; Ps. 94:17 ; 115:17) ; nahale beliyya`al (the torrents of Belial” ; II Sam. 22:5) ; “the Nether parts of the earth” (Ezek. 31:14) ; “the depths of the pit” (Lam. 3:55) ; “the land of the darkness” (Job 10:21). The Netherworld is located somewhere under the earth (c.f. Num. 16:30 ff) or at the bottoms of the mountains ( Jonah 2:7), or under the waters – the cosmic ocean (Job 26:5). It is sometimes personified as a voracious monster with a wide-open mouth (e.g. Isa. 5:14 ; Hab. 2:5 ; Prov. 1:12), Kings nobles and pauper, master and slaves are equal in Sheolשְׁאוֹל‎Transliteration: šᵊ’ôl Pronunciation: sheh-ole’ underworld, grave, hell, pit For more info click here (Job 3:13 ; Ezek. 32:18-32). For Israel’s neighbors, the rule of the universe was divided among various deities, and the netherworld was the dominion of a pair of infernal gods. For IsraelיִשְׂרָאֵלTransliteration: yiśrā’ēl The name Israel (Septuagint Ancient Greek: Ἰσραήλ, Israēl, “El (God) persists/rules” or “God prevails”) refers to the patriarch Jacob who, according to the Hebrew Bible, was given the name after he successfully wrestled with the Angel of the Lord. The earliest known archaeological artifact to mention the word Israel as a collective is the Merneptah Stele of ancient Egypt (dated to the late-13th century BCE) for more info click here, however, the Lord rules over the whole universe, His sovereignty extends from heaven to She`ol (Ps. 139 ; Job 26:6 ; cf. Ps. 90:2 ; 102:26-28). However, there is no communication between the dead and the Lord (Ps. 88:6) ; no praise to the Lord comes from the netherworld (Isa. 38:18 ; Ps. 30:10 ; 88:12-13)