The worship of Moloch, which was practiced at a special site (outside the walls of Jerusalem in the valley of Hinnom) called Topheth, became firmly established in the time of the King Manasseh, his son Amon, and at the beginning of Josiah’s reign. It seems to been completely eradicated by Josiah within the frame work of his reform activies (II Kings 23:10) Jeremiah’s references to this worship ( Jer 7:31; 19: 1ff:; 32:35) apply to the days of Manasseh and of Josiah before the reform (see Kaufman Y. Toledot, 3(1960), 382-90)
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